This study examines potential gender differences in the mathematics achievement of students in Jordan. The data were collected in the 2008/2009 academic year. The student sample consisted of 450 students (220 males and 230 females) at 14 randomly selected schools in the Ma’an Governorate. The results for males and females were compared. The comparison shows that female students outperformed male students on three different mathematics topics out of four, and on the overall mathematics achievement.