This study delves into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, employing both classical and neutrosophic approaches for a comprehensive comparative analysis. During the  first wave of the pandemic, key pandemic factors such as new cases, new deaths, new tests, and the COVID-19 positive test ratio were considered as independent variables, while the stock exchange index was taken as the dependent variable. The findings of the study indicate a discernible negative impact of the pandemic on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. However, the classical approach to the analysis produced ambiguous and potentially misleading results. In contrast, the application of the neutrosophic approach generated estimated results within intervals, offering greater flexibility and logical acceptability. Furthermore, the neutrosophic approach shed light on additional aspects of the analysis, providing a more nuanced understanding of  the pandemic’s effects on the stock exchange. Overall, the study highlights the importance of utilizing advanced analytical methods like the neutrosophic approach to gain deeper insights into the complex relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and financial markets.

pandemic, stock exchange, neutrosophic, classical, comparative

Received: December 10, 2023; Revised: February 14, 2024; Accepted: February 27, 2024; Published: March 4, 2024

How to cite this article: Azhar Ali Janjua, Mohammed Albassam and Muhammad Aslam, Neutrosophic analysis reveals the negative impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan stock exchange, JP Journal of Biostatistics 24(2) (2024), 197-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/0973514324013

This Open Access Article is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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